NEDA TOOLKIT for Coaches and Trainers
Bipolar and Related Disorders A group of related
mental disorders listed in the DSM-5. These disorders
include bipolar I disorder, bipolar II disorder,
cyclothymic disorder, substance/medication-induced
bipolar and related disorder, bipolar and related
disorder due to another medical condition, other
specified bipolar and related disorder, and unspecified
bipolar and related disorder.
Body Dysmorphic Disorder or Dysmorphophobia A
mental condition defined in the DSM-5 in which the
patient is preoccupied with a real or perceived defect in
his/her appearance. (See DSM-5.)
Body Image The subjective opinion about one’s
physical appearance based on self-perception of body
size and shape and the reactions of others.
Body Mass Index (BMI) A formula used to calculate
the ratio of a person’s weight to height. BMI is
expressed as a number that is used to determine
whether an individual’s weight is within normal ranges
for age and sex on a standardized BMI chart. The US
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention website
offers BMI calculators and standardized BMI charts.
Bulimia Nervosa A disorder defined in the DSM-5
which a patient binges on food an average of once
weekly in a three-month time period, followed by
compensatory behavior aimed at preventing weight
gain. This behavior may include excessive exercise,
vomiting, or the misuse of laxatives, diuretics, other
medications, and enemas.
Case Management An approach to patient care in
which a case manager mobilizes people to organize
appropriate services and supports for a patient’s
treatment. A case manager coordinates mental
health, social work, educational, health, vocational,
transportation, advocacy, respite care, and recreational
services, as needed. The case manager ensures that the
changing needs of the patient and the family members
supporting that patient are met.
COBRA A federal act in 1985 that included provisions
to protect health insurance benefits coverage for
workers and their families who lose their jobs. The
landmark Consolidated Omnibus Budget Reconciliation
Act of 1985 (COBRA) health benefit provisions became
law in 1986. The law amends the Employee Retirement
Income Security Act (ERISA), the Internal Revenue
Code, and the Public Health Service Act to provide
continuation of employer-sponsored group health
coverage that otherwise might be terminated. The US
Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services has advisory
jurisdiction for the COBRA law as it applies to state and
local government (public sector) employers and their
group health plans.
Cognitive Therapy (CT) A type of psychotherapeutic
treatment that attempts to change a patient’s feelings
and behaviors by changing the way the patient thinks
about or perceives his/her significant life experiences.
Subtypes include cognitive analytic therapy and
cognitive orientation therapy.
Cognitive Analytic Therapy (CAT) A type of cognitive
therapy that focuses its attention on discovering
how a patient’s problems have evolved and how the
procedures the patient has devised to cope with them
may be ineffective or even harmful. CAT is designed
to enable people to gain an understanding of how
the difficulties they experience may be made worse
by their habitual coping mechanisms. Problems are
understood in the light of a person’s personal history
and life experiences. The focus is on recognizing how
these coping procedures originated and how they can
be adapted.
Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT) A treatment that
involves three overlapping phases when used to treat
an eating disorder. For example, with bulimia, the first
phase focuses on helping people to resist the urge
to binge eat and purge by educating them about the
dangers of their behavior. The second phase introduces
procedures to reduce dietary restraint and increase the
regularity of eating. The last phase involves teaching
people relapse-prevention strategies to help them
prepare for possible setbacks. A course of individual
CBT for bulimia nervosa usually involves 16- to 20-hour-
long sessions over a period of four to five months. It
is offered on an individual, group, or self-managed
basis. The goals of CBT are designed to interrupt the
proposed bulimic cycle that is perpetuated by low self-
esteem, extreme concerns about shape and weight,
and extreme means of weight control.
Cognitive Orientation Therapy (COT) A type of
cognitive therapy that uses a systematic procedure
to understand the meaning of a patient’s behavior
by exploring certain themes such as aggression and
avoidance. The procedure for modifying behavior
then focuses on systematically changing the patient’s
beliefs related to the themes and not directly to eating
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